Endocrinology Summers

Hormones Endocrine Glands Receptors Homeostasis 2nd Messengers

Nuclear Receptors Genetic Regulation Hormone Synthesis Receptor Regulation Hypothalamo-Hypophysial Communication

Tropic Hormones Neurohypophysial Nonapeptides Thyroid Axis Steroids Adrenal Axis

Adrenal Medulla Osmotic-Pressure Balance Reproductive Endocrinology Prolactin Somatic Axis

Growth Factors Immune Factors Ca++, PO4 Homeostasis Pancreatic Hormones GI Hormones

Guts 'n Brains Brain Hormones Neurosteroids Neuropeptides Endocrine Evolution

Figures for Endocrionology text:Vertebrate Endocrinology5th Edition - David O. Norris: Read pages 7-12 for this lecture acronyms    end

II. Endocrine Glands		


	A. Hypothalamus


		1. Secretes Releasing Hormones - TRH, GnRH, GHRH, CRH, PRH, MSHRH,


			a. from neurosecretory neurons


			b. into neurohemal organ at the median eminance


				i. travel via Hypothalamo-Hypophysial Portal System


				ii. to pituitary


			c. stimulate tropic hormone release


		2. Secretes Release-Inhibiting Hormones - GHRIH, MSHRIH, DA


		3. Secretes neurotransmitters


			a. normal neurons are a part of the hypothalamus


				i. many hormones are also neurotransmitters


					(1) NE, ACTH, Angiotensin II, GnRH, VIP,  b-endorphin,
					   somatostatin, AVP, Neuropeptide Y ...


	B. Pituitary


		1.  3 parts


		2. adenohypophysis


			a. secretes tropic hormones - ACTH, LH, FSH, GH, PrL, TSH, LPH


		3. intermediate lobe


			a. secretes MSH


		4. neurohypophysis


			a. secretes neurohormones - AVP, Oxy


	C. Peripheral Endocrine Glands


		1. Thyroid - T3, T4


			a. Parathyroid - PTH, CT


		2. Heart - ANF


		3. Thymus - Thymopoietin, Thymulin
		
		
			a. immune cells - IL1, 5-HT


		4. Liver - Angiotensin II


		5. Stomach - Gastrin


		6.Intestines - CCK, Secretin, VIP, GIP, Somatostatin, Motilin,
		   Neurotensin, Substance P, Neuropeptide Y, Enteroglucagon...


		7. Pancreas - Insulin, Glucagon


		8. Kidneys - Renin, CT


		9. Adrenals


			a. cortex - B, F, Aldosterone, DHEA


				i. fetal zone - DHEA -> placental E3 (estriol)


			b. medulla - Epi, NE


		10. Gonads


			a. ovaries - E2, relaxin, P, inhibin, activin


				i. corpus luteum - P


			b. testes - T, DHT, inhibin, activin


		11. Placenta - hCG, hCS (=hPL), P, E3, GnRH, TRH, CRH,
		    somatostatin, inhibin...


		12. Pineal Gland - melatonin


		13. other parts of the brain - serotonin, peptide neuromodulators..
		
				
		14. Fat (adipose tissure) - leptin